Saran Qasim Othman
Research Assistant
Pharmacy department
TIU - Erbil
Types of Acne and Their Treatments
There is a common misconception that acne is a one-size-fits-all issue, but acne comes in various forms, each requiring a different treatment approach.
- Blackheads and Whiteheads
Blackheads and whiteheads, collectively known as comedones, are non-inflammatory types of acne. They can often be managed with topical treatments, including salicylic acid, a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that promotes cell turnover and helps unclog pores by removing excess oil and dead skin cells.
- Nodular Acne
Nodular acne is inflammatory acne characterized by firm, painful, and deep-seated lesions beneath the skin’s surface. It commonly appears on the face, chest, and back and is distinct from typical pimples due to its longer duration, often persisting for weeks or months.
For nodular acne, oral medications, including antibiotics and isotretinoin, are usually recommended. However, these medications should always be prescribed by a doctor. Additional treatments may include topical options like salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide.
- Cystic Acne
Cystic acne is the most severe form, causing deep, pus-filled pimples and nodules that can lead to scarring. The primary factors causing cystic acne are hormonal changes, particularly during puberty.
The best approach to treating cystic acne involves consulting a dermatologist for specialist attention. A dermatologist will assess the skin and may prescribe medication such as oral antibiotics or topical retinoids to address the underlying causes. After treating the systemic causes, skin treatments, such as peels and other procedures, may be recommended to improve the skin’s appearance.
- Fungal Acne
Fungal acne, also known as Malassezia folliculitis, is often mistaken for other types of acne, making it difficult to differentiate. Unlike typical acne, primarily caused by bacteria, fungal acne is triggered by an overgrowth of yeast on the skin, often due to hot weather and sweating. Factors contributing to fungal acne include:
- Wearing tight-fitting clothes
- Excessive sweating during exercise
To prevent fungal acne, avoid hot environments that cause sweating, wear loose-fitting clothes, and avoid applying heavy creams or makeup that can trap moisture on the skin. Fungal acne is typically treated with antifungal creams and antifungal washes.
Managing and Preventing Acne
Managing and preventing acne can be beneficial, no matter how frustrating. Here are some tips to help prevent acne:
- Keep your skin clean: Use alcohol-free skincare products suitable for your skin type.
- Stick to your treatment routine: Acne treatments can take weeks to months to show results, so consistency is key.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Your diet can significantly impact acne. A low-glycemic diet that avoids high-sugar foods can help reduce acne.
By understanding the different types of acne and their specific treatments, you can take a more targeted approach to manage your skin condition effectively.
References:
https://www.sknclinics.co.uk/conditions/cystic-acne
https://www.midlandskin.co.uk/conditions/fungal-acne/